Regulator system



Jan. 12, 1932. F. H. GULLIKSEN REGULATOR SYSTEI Filed Fab.- 2. 1931 ArroRN Y Patented Jan. 12,1932

PN'IT-EDTSTATES 11min. eunmxsan, or wmxmsnunc, rannsravams, assrenoa 'ro was'rnro- PATENT OFFICE- I norm: ummc a mus-crowd COMPANY, A conrona'rron or' rnmtsrn-g amuna'roa srs'rmr Application l lerl'l'ehraary 2, 1831. Serial No. 512,938.

1 My invention relates to regulator systems and it has particularrelation to regulator systems for governing electrical quantities of dynamo-electric machines. r

One object of my invention is to provide.

.a regulator system that shall be quick acting 'and accurate in its operation. Another object of my invention is to rovide a regulator system with means for orc- -"-ing the field of the regulated machine during the operations of the regulator for the, purose of producing rapid changes in the reguated quantity,

1 -.A further object -of myninventionis to 5 provide a regulating system of the above indicated character wherein the forcing of the field of the regulated machine is accelerated when the regulated quantity fallsbelow a redetermined value. v

to en the voltage impressed upon thefield winding of an exciter generator is decreased or increased b suddenly inserti ance into or s unting resistance romthe 'field-windin circuit, oscillographic tests citer-armature voltage is ve muc hi her when the armature voltage is ecreasing t an it is when the armature'voltage is increasily invention utilize'sthis fact and contemplates the use..of a main exciter generator and an auxiliary exclter generator connected in-voltage-opposition to govern an.

generator. The voltage of the main exciter generator is maintained substantially constant at a value higher than the voltage of the auxiliary nerator. Means are prothe tion of the auxiliary generator durin h corrective action of the regulator an exciter field rheostat. The voltage impressedv on the field winding of the auxiliary generator may be abruptly varied by the operaresist- 1 'that the change in the field excitation of the auxiliary generator may be performed in sevshow that t e initial rate-of chan e of ex machine by employing a motor-operated rheostat in the-field circuit of the auxiliary vided for rapi ly changingthe field excitation of a switch or relay to introduce a resistor into, orexclude a resistor from, the Y field-winding circuit of the auxiliary generator during the operation of the rheostat 1n the one or in the other direction. By this means, a change in the'volta that is temporarily impressed upon the field winding ofthe auxiliary generator for a required correction in the excitation thereof may be several times the amount required to maintain the desired correction in the excita- 131011, thereby considerably reducing the time required for the desired change in the value of the auxiliary-gemrator field flux; This arrangement, therefore, produces a rapid change in-the voltage generated by the aux-. illarygenerator and, as the two generators are so connected that their generated voltages oppose each other, the voltage produced at the free terminalsof thetwo generators is 1 rayiidly varied.

he regulating system may be so arranged t eralsteps depending upon the degree-of va riation o the regulative quantity fromits abrupt change is made in the excitation when the variation in the regulated quantity is small, and a relatively large abrupt chan e' is made in the generator excitation when t e variation of the regulator quantity from its desired value is correspondingly. large;

' My invention may bebetter understood from the following description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying' drawing, in which the single figure 1s 9. diagrammatic view of a employed in a preferre embodiment of my invention.

Referring to the drawing, an electric generator 2 is provided having an armature winding 3 that is connectedfto su ply-circuit conductors 4, 5 and 6 and a fiel vwinding 7 that is connectedto be ener "zed from two exciter generators Sand 9 t at are" so con-n nected in series-circuit relation that their generated voltages buck or oppose each other. The main-exciter enerator 8-is provided'with armature win ing 12 and a selfp(paratus and circuits excited field winding 13 having a regulating rheostat 14 connected in series-circuit relation thereto. The generator 8 is so regulated that substantially constant Volta e is maintained across its terminals. As t e regulating system employed to maintain the volta e of generator 8 constant forms no part of this invention, it is deemed unnecessary to illustrate or describe it.

The auxiliary-exciter generator 9 is provided with an armature winding 16 and a field winding 17 that is energized from the main generator 8. A. motor-operated rheostat 19 is provided having a. resistor element 21 and a movable contact arm 22, and isconnected in series-circuit with the field winding 17 of. the auxiliary exciter nerator. The circuit for the field windin 1 extends from the armature winding 12 o the nerator 8, through conductor 24, the fiel winding 17, conductor 25, a resistor. 26, conductor 27, the rheostat 19, a resistor 28, a resistor 29 and a conductor 31, to the other side of the armature winding 12 of the generator 8. The rheostat 19 is the primary means for regulating the voltage impressed upon the field winding 17 of the auxiliary exciter generator 9 and the field winding 7 of the generator 2, the reistors 26, 28 and 29 being short circuited under certain operating conditions of the re ulating system. to be described later.

he regulating rheostat 19 is operated by a pilot motor 33 that is controlled by reversing switches 34 and 35 in accordance with the operation of a contact-making voltmeter or re lator 37 he pilot motor 33 is provided with a field winding 39 that is energized from any convenient source, such as supply conductors 41 and 42, and with an armature winding 43 that is connected, by means of conductors 44 and 45, to movable contact arms 46 and 47 res ctively, of the reversing switches 34 an 35.

The reversing switch 34 comprises the movable contact arm 46 and an electro-magnet 48, thearm 46 carrying movable contact members 51, 52, 53 and 54 that cooperate, respectively, with stationary contact members 56, 57, 58 and 59. A biasing member 60 1s rovided for normally holding the cooperatmg pairs of contact members 53-58 and 5459 in engagement. The reversing switch 35 is similar in construction to the switch 34and comprises the movable contact arm 47, an electromagnet 62, movable contact members 64, 65, 66 and 67, cooperating stationary contact members 69, 70, 71 and 72, respectively, and a biasing member 74 for normally holding the cooperating pair of contact members 677 2 in en agement.

The stationary contact mem rs 58 and 72 of the reversing switches 34 and 35, respectively, are connected, by means of a conduc tor 76, to one of the supply conductors 42.

and are adapted to connect one side of the pilot-motor armature 43 to the supply conductor 41 upon the operation of either of the reversing switches to a second operative position.

When the electromagnets of the reversing.

switches 34 and 35 are unenergized, the switches are biased to the positions illustrated in the drawings to close a circuit from one side of the armature winding 43, through conductor 44, the arm 46 and the cooperating contact'members 53 and 58 ofthe reversing switch 34, conduct-or 7 6, the cooperating contact members 72 and 67 and the arm 47 of the reversin switch 35 and conductor45, to the other si e of the armature winding'43, thus closing a dynamic-braking circuit for the motor 33. Upon the operation of the one or the other of the reversing switches to second operative position, the motor is connected to the supply conductors 41 and 42 to be operated in the one or the other direction.

The regulator 37 comprises a, core member and an actuating winding 81 therefor that is connected to be energized in accordance with the voltage of the generator 2 through the agency of a voltage transformer 82. The core member 80 is connected to a pivoted lever 83 that carries movable contact members 84, and 86 which cooperate, respectively, with stationary contact members 87, 88. and 89. The regulator also comprises a biasing member 91 that normally opposes the upward pull of the core member 80.

Upon engagement of the contact members 84 and 87, a circuit is completed through the operating winding of the electromagnet 62 to actuate the switch 35 to a second operative position. Upon engagement of the contact members 85 and 88 a circuit is completed through'the operating winding of the electromagnet 48 to actuate the switch 34 to a second 0 erating position. Upon engagement of t e contact members 86 and 89, a circuit is completed to operate a relay 93 for a purpose to be hereinafter described.

The operation of my system is as follows:

If the voltage of the generator 2 falls below the desired value, the energization of the regulator winding 81 is decreased, thus allowing the lever arm 83 to be drawn downwardly by the biasing member 91 to cause the engagement of the contact members 85 and 88 to establish a circuit through the operating Winding of the electromagnet 48, thus actuating the switch 34 to its second operative position.

. The operating circuit for the electromagnet 48 extends from the supply conductor 41, through conductor 7 8,.conductor 94, the lever arm 83, the contact members 85 and 88, con- III , excitation and the generated voltage 0 the generator 8, a decrease'ln the vol -ated by the auxiliary generator 9 inc ductor 95,the operating winding of the electromagnet48 and the conductor 76, to .the su 1y conductor 42.

e reversing switch 34, when'actuated its second 0 rative position, 'separates'the ductor 44, the armature winding 43, conductor 45, the arm 47 and the contact members 67-72 of the reversing switch and conductor 76, to supply conductor 42 tocause the motor'33 to operate the rheostat-19 in a direction to increase the resistance in circuit" with the field winding 17, thus decreasin the auxiliary generator 9. Since. the generator 9 isconnected in volta e .opposition to the the voltage impressed upon the-field winding .7, thereby increasing the voltage of the generator 2.

a The operation of the reversing switch 84 to its second operative position interrupts a cirv cuit in shunt relation to the resistor 28 which tact members 85 and 88 o prevent it from hunting is normally completed through conductor 98, the contact members 54-59, conductor 99 and conductor 100, thus introducing the resistor 28 into the circuit of the field winding 17 and. causin the ener ization .thereof'to decrease rapid y during t e operation of the rheostat 19.

The contact members 51-56 ofthe reversing switch34, upon engagement, cause a ortion of the resistor 102 to be excluded 7 mm the circuit of the. regulator windin 81, thus increasing the ener ization thereo slightly and hastening the disenga' ment of the conthe regulator to When the voltage of the generator 2again approaches. its normal value, the contact members 85 andv 88 will be disengaged, and the reversing switch 34 will be immediately biased to its illustrated position, thus closing the above traced dynamic-breaking circuit through the contact members 53-58 and causing the pilot motor 33 to stop promptlyr The return of the reversin switch 34 to its illustrated position agains unts the resistor 28 from the circuit of the field-winding 17 through vthe contact members 54-59. If the movement of the regulator rheostat 19 has been suflicient to correct the excitation of the generator 2 and raise its voltage to the normal value, the system will remain at rest until another variation in the voltage of the generator occurs. I

gener- If, however, the rapid decrease in the excitation of the auxiliary generator 9, caused by introducin the resistor 28 into the circuit of the fie d winding 17, has caused the volts? "of the generator to rise so rapidly thatt ecorrection required in the settin of the rheostat 19 to maintain this voltage as not been made, the voltage of the conductors 4, 5 and 6 will again decrease to cause the regulator contact members 85 and 88 to come into engagement and to continue the opera- 'tion of the rheostat19. Thisaction will be continued until the required correction has made. r A If the voltage of the supply c'ircuit conductors 4,-5'and 6 decreases below a redetermined amount, which may result 30111 a short circuit or other fault upon the supply conductors, the energization of the winding 81 of the regulator '37 will decrease, first causing the engagement of the contact members 85 and-88 and the change in the setting of the rheostat 19, as described above, and, upon a sufficient further downward movement of the lever 83 will cause engagement of the contact members 86 and 89, thus com letin a circuit throu h the operatin win ing 0 the relay 93. he circuitfor t 1e operating I winding ofthe relay 93 may be traced from the sup 1y conductor 41, through conductor 78, con uctor 94, the lever arm 83, contact members 86 and 89, conductor 104, .the winding of the relay 93,,conductor105 and conductor 76, to the su ply conductor 42.

The relay 93 is, t erefore, actuated to cause the disengagement of its contact members 107 and 108 which normally completes a circuit in shunt relation to the resistor 26,'thus introducing the resistor 26 into the circuit of the field winding 17 and causing a very rapid decrease in the excitation of the auxiliary generator 9 and a very rapid increase in the voltage of the generator 2. i

As the initial rate of chan e of exciter armature voltage is very much igher when the armature voltage is'decreasing than it is I a when the armature voltage is increasing, it

follows that, when the voltageof the regulated generator 9 decreases, with a decrease in the vol across the conductors 4, 5nd

'6, as herein fore described, the rate of increasein the voltage impressed upon the generator field winding 7' is much more rapid than could beobtained by increasing the excitation of asingle exciter.

It will be notedthat the rapid change in the excitation of the field winding 17 caused by the introduction of the resistor 26 into the field-winding circuit, begins just as soon as the relay 93 is energized and its contact members 107 and 108 begin toseparate. It is thus apparent that the chan e in the excitation of the generator field winding 7 takes place sooner than would be the case if the relay operated upon the closure-of its contact members to completea shunting circuit, for exeluding a resistor from the ld winding circuit to suddenly increase the field current, as is necessary in cases where the voltage of a i single exciter has to build up rapidly. Where position and the initiation of the corrective action caused by the introducion of the resistor 26 into the field-winding circuit as soon as the contact members 107 and 108 of the relay 93 begin to separate, is of extreme importance and is especially so in cases where the stability of the system to which the generator is connected must be maintained.

If the voltage of the generator increases above its desired value, the energization of the regulator winding 81 is increased, and the core member 80 will be drawn upwardly to cause en agement of the contact members 84 and 87, t us completing a circuit through the operating winding of the 'electromagnet 62 and causing the reversing switch to be actuated to its second operative position, The operatingcircuit for the electromagnet 62 may be traced from supply conductor 41,

throughconductor 78 conductor 94, the lever arm 83, contact members 84 and 87, conductor 109, the operating winding of the electromagnet 62 and the conductor 76, to the supply conductor 42.

Upon the operation of the'reversingswitch 35 to its second operating position, tne pair disengaged and the pairs of cooperating contact member 64-69, 65 -70 and 66-71 are brought into engagement. The enga merit of the contact members 66-71 comp etes a circuit through the armature winding 43 of the pilot motor 33 to cause the motor to o erate in a direction opposite that previous y described. The motor circuit may be traced from the supply'conductor 41, through con ductor 78, conductor 77, the contact members 6671 and the arm 47 of the reversing switch 35', conductor 45, the armature winding 43, conductor 44, the arm 46 and the contact members 53-58 of the reversing switch 34 and conductor 76, to the supply conductor 42. The pilot motor 33 is, therefore, caused to operate the rheostat 33 in a direction to decrease the resistance in circuit with the field winding 17 thereby increasing the excitation and the generated voltage of the auxiliary generator 9. The increase in the nal of the resistor 29.

the separation of the contact members of cooperating contact members 67-72 are voltage of the generator 9 decreases the voltage impressed upon the field winding 7, thereby decreasing the voltage of the generator 2.

The contact members 65-70 of the reversing switch 35, upon engagement,complete a circuit for shunting the resistor 29 from the circuit of the field winding 17, thereby causing the excitation thereof to rapidly increase during the operation of the rheostat 19. The shuntin circuit for the resistor 29 may be traced rom one terminal of the resistor 29, through conductor 100, the contact members 65-70 and conductor .112 to the other termi- 64-s9 of the re The contact members versing switch 35, upon engagement, establish a circuit through a resistor 114, thereby. connecting the resistor 114 in arallel-circuit relation to the lglllfitOLWindmg 81 and thus decreasing the excitation of the winding 81, and hastening disengagement of the contact members 84 and 87 to prevent the regulator from hunting When the voltage of the generator has decreased to the desired'value, contact members 84 and 87 will be separated, and the reversing switch 35 will be turned to its illustrated osi- -ti on, and will complete the dynamic-bra ing circuit for thepilot motor'33 through the contact members 6772, thus stopping the pilotmotor. The resistor 29 will then be again introduced into the circuit of the field winding 17 of the auxiliary generator 9 by and70. 1'00 1f the o ration of the regulating rheostat 19 has not y en sufiicient ,to maintain the voltage of generator 2 at the desired value, the re ulator 37 will again operate, thus causing a urther change in the setting of the rheostat 19 to be made in the manner above described. I V

- Since many modifications may be made in the apparatus and circuits described without departing from the spirit of my invention, I 11 donot wish to be 'limited'otherwise than by the scope of the appended claims.

I claim as m invention:

1. In a regu ator system, a power circuit, a

dynamo-electric machine connected to said power circuit and having 'a field winding, means for energizing said field winding comprising two exciter generators connected in voltage opposition and having field windings means for governing the excitation of one 0 said field windings in accordance with an electrical quantity of the power circuit comprising a variable resistor and a second resistor normally connected in circuittherewith, means operab e for gradually actuating said 12b variable resistor, means for short circuiting said second resistor when the regulated quantity varies in one direction, means for introducing a third resistor into the field winding circuit when the regulated quantity varies in 130 the other direction, and means for introducing a fourth resistor into the field-winding quantity abruptly power circuit and having a field winding,

means for governing the excitation of said field winding comprising two exciter generators connected in voltage opposition and a field-winding circuit for one of said exciter generators including a rheostat and a plurality of resistors, means responsive to variations in an electrical quantity of the power circuit for operating said rheostat, and a plurality of means operative during the operation of the rheostat for varying the number of resistors connected in the exciter generator field-winding circuit upon certain predetermined variations in the regulated quantity from the desired value.

3. In a regulator system, a power circuit, a dynamo-electric machine having a field winding, means for energizing said. field winding comprising a main exciter generator having a field winding and an auxiliary exciter generator having a field winding, said machines bein sition, a varia le resistor connected in circuit with the field winding of the auxiliary generator, means responsive to variations of an electrical quantity of the power circuit from a predetermined value for actuating the variable resistor, and means for accelerating the change in the resistance of the auxiliary generator field circuit upon abrupt variations in the electrical quantity of the power circuit from the desired value.

4. In a regulator system, a power circuit, a dynamo-electric machine connected to the power circuit and having a field winding, means for energizing said field winding comprising a substantially constant voltage generator, a variable-voltage generator connected in voltage opposition thereto and having a field winding, means for. governing the excitation of the variable-voltage-generator field winding comprising a rheostat connected in circuit therewith, means responsive to variations in an electrical quantity, of the power circuit for operating said rheostat, means for abruptly varying the resistance in circuit with the field winding of the variablevoltage generator to rapidly change the resultant voltage generator of the two generators under predetermined variations in the regulated quantity from the desired value.

5. In a regulator system, a power circuit, a dynamo-electric machine connected to said power circuit, a substantially constant-volt age generator and a variable-voltage generator having a field winding, the two generators being connected in voltage opposition to -a field winding of said machine. a rheostat connected in circuit with the field windconnected in voltage oppoing of said variable-voltage generator, means responsive to variations in the electrical quantity of the power circuit for operating said rheostat, a plurality of resistors .in circuit with the field winding of said variablevoltage generator, means for normally shuntcircuiting certain of said resistors, means for opening the shunt circuits to insertthe resistors in the circuit for abruptly varying the field-circuit resistance upon predetermined regulating operations, and means for establishing shunt circuits around the resistors that arenormally'connected in the field circuit upon other predetermined vari-- ations in the regulatedq uantityfrom the. desired value. a 6'. In a regulator system,a power circuit, a dynamo-electric machine connected to a power circuit and having a fieldwi-nding, means for energizing said field winding comprising a substantially constant-voltage gen-, erator and a variable-voltage generator having a fieldwinding, the two generators being connected in voltage opposition, means for" gradually varying the excitation of said variable-voltage generator field winding and means responsive to variations of an electrical quantity of the power circuit to actuate said last named means, and a plurality of means for abruptly varying the excitation of said field windingto vary the resultant voltage of the two generators, a single means for controlling the actuation of the several means upon different predetermined varia-.

tions of the regulated quantity, the plurality of means beingoperable during the operation of the means for gradually varying the ex-' citation of said variable-voltage generator field winding. r

7.In a regulator system, apower circuit,

means for varying an electrical quantity of the power circuit comprising a substantially constant-voltage generator and a. variablevoltage generator connected. in voltage opposition and having field windings, a variable resistor and a plurality of other resistors connected in the field-winding. circuit of the.

variable-voltage generator for controlling the excitation of said field winding, and a single regulating means actuated in accordance with an electrical quantity ofsaid power circuit for varying the setting of the variable resistor and for controlling circuits in-shunt relation to the remaining resistors 8. In a regulator system, a power circuit,-

means for controlling an electrical quantity l of the power circuit comprising a substantially constant-voltage generator and a variable-voltage generator connected in voltage opposition, avariable resistor and a plurality of non-variable resistors connected in.

the fieldwinding circuit of the variable-volt age generator for governing the excitation thereof, regulating means actuated in ac-t cordance with an electrical quantity of the power circuit, means controlled by said regulator for actuatin said variable resistorupon a variation 0 the regulated uantity from a predetermined value, means or normally shunting certain of the non-variable resistors from the field circuit, and means controlled by said regulator for inserting the shunted resistors'in'the field circuit upon dif- I ferent predetermined variations of the regulated quantity from the desired value.

9. In a regulator system, a power circuit, a dynamo-electric machine connected to said power circuit and having a field winding, means for energizing said field winding comprising two exciter generators connected in voltage opposition and a field winding circuit for one of said exciter generators including a rheostat and a plurality of resistors, normally closed circuits in shunt relation to certain of said resistors, a regulator actuated in accordance with a variation of an electrical quantity of said power circuit for controlling the operation of said rheostat, means operative during the operation of said rheostat in one direction for shunting one of said resistors from said field circuit, and means operative during the operation of the rheostat in the other direction for inserting another of said resistors in said circuit.

10. In a. regulator system, a power circuit, a dynamo-electric machine connected to said power circuit and having a field winding, means for energizing said field winding comprising two exciter generators connected in volta e opposition and a field winding circuit far one of said exciter generators including a rheostat and a plurality of resistors, normallyclosed circuits in shunt relation to certain of said resistors, a regulator actu ated in accordance with a variation of an electrical quantity of said power circuit for controlling the operation of said rheostat,

, means operative during the operation of said rheostat in one direction for' shunting one of said resistors from said fieldcircuit, means operative during the operation of the rheostat in the other direction for inserting an- 1' other of said resistors in said circuit, and

means operative upon a predetermined vavariation in the regulated quantity for abruptly varying the resistance in said field winding circuit.

11. In a regulator system, a power circuit, a dynamo-electric machine having a field winding, a source of energy for energizing said field winding, and an exciter generator connected in circuit with said field winding FINN H. GULLIKSEN.

in voltage opposition to said source, said exciter generator having a field winding, means forgradually varying the excitation of said enciter generator field winding in the same direction as the voltage of the dynamo-electrio machine varies from a desired value, and

iob 

